Caring for a loved one with a tracheostomy can feel overwhelming, especially when it comes to procedures like suctioning. However, with proper guidance, this essential process can become manageable and ensure the safety and comfort of the patient. In this blog, we’ll walk you through the tracheostomy suctioning steps in a simple and easy-to-understand way.
What is Tracheostomy Suctioning?
Tracheostomy suctioning is the process of removing mucus and secretions from a person’s airway through the tracheostomy tube. This helps keep the airway clear, prevents breathing difficulties, and reduces the risk of infection.
When is Suctioning Needed?
It’s important to monitor the patient for signs that suctioning is necessary. These may include:
- Gurgling or rattling sounds from the airway
- Difficulty breathing or visible distress
- Coughing without clearing secretions
- Decreased oxygen levels or bluish skin tone
- Restlessness or discomfort
Preparing for Tracheostomy Suctioning
Before starting, make sure you have all the necessary supplies and a clean environment. Here’s what you’ll need:
- Sterile gloves
- Suction machine with tubing
- Sterile suction catheter
- Normal saline (if prescribed)
- Clean tissues or gauze
- A mirror to monitor the tracheostomy site (optional)
Tracheostomy Suctioning Steps
Follow these steps carefully to perform suctioning safely:
1. Wash Your Hands
Begin by thoroughly washing your hands with soap and water. Dry them with a clean towel or paper towel.
2. Set Up the Equipment
- Turn on the suction machine and check its settings. Suction pressure should typically be between 80–120 mmHg for adults and lower for children (as per the doctor’s advice).
- Attach the suction catheter to the tubing connected to the machine.
3. Put on Sterile Gloves
Wear sterile gloves to prevent introducing any germs into the tracheostomy site.
4. Prepare the Patient
- Position the patient in a comfortable, upright position to allow easier breathing.
- If needed, reassure the patient to help them stay calm.
5. Insert the Suction Catheter
- Gently insert the sterile suction catheter into the tracheostomy tube without applying suction.
- Insert only as far as instructed by the healthcare provider, usually no deeper than the length of the tracheostomy tube.
6. Apply Suction and Withdraw
- While slowly withdrawing the catheter, apply suction by covering the suction control port with your thumb.
- Do not suction for more than 10 seconds at a time to prevent oxygen deprivation.
7. Clear the Catheter
- Flush the catheter with sterile saline to clear mucus and secretions.
- Repeat steps 5–7 as needed, allowing the patient to rest and breathe between attempts.
8. Clean and Store Equipment
- Discard the used suction catheter in a designated waste container.
- Clean the suction tubing and store the equipment as per the healthcare provider’s instructions.
9. Observe and Monitor
- Check the patient for any signs of discomfort or distress after suctioning.
- Monitor for improved breathing and reduced secretions.
Tips for Safe Suctioning
- Always follow the instructions provided by the patient’s healthcare team.
- Avoid excessive suctioning, as it may irritate the airway.
- Use sterile equipment and maintain a clean environment to prevent infections.
- If you notice unusual bleeding, difficulty breathing, or worsening symptoms, seek medical help immediately.
Why Tracheostomy Suctioning is Important
Regular suctioning ensures that the patient’s airway remains clear, allowing them to breathe comfortably. It also helps reduce the risk of complications such as infections or blockages in the tracheostomy tube.
Expert Advice Is Key
While these steps provide a general guide for caregivers, it’s essential to seek expert advice from healthcare providers, especially during the initial stages of care. A doctor, nurse, or respiratory therapist can provide personalized guidance on suctioning techniques, frequency, and pressure settings based on your loved one’s specific needs. Always consult the healthcare team before making any changes to the suctioning process.
Before conclusion, here’s a must watch series to understand tracheostomy with Dr. Kirti a rehabilitation expert:
Part 1: What is Tracheostomy?
Part 2: Tracheostomy vs Intubation: Uses, Care, and Key Differences
Part 3: Tracheostomy Care & Rehabilitation: Essential Tips for Recovery
Final Thoughts
By understanding the tracheostomy, tracheostomy suctioning steps and following expert advice, you can confidently provide care and ensure your loved one’s well-being. While the process might seem intimidating at first, practice and patience will make it easier over time. Remember, if you’re ever unsure, don’t hesitate to reach out to a healthcare professional for guidance.
Taking these steps will not only keep the airway clear but also provide comfort and safety for your loved one.