Dengue, often referred to as “breakbone fever”, is a mosquito-borne viral infection that has rapidly spread across various continents, becoming a global concern.
With its prevalence in over 100 countries, it’s estimated that nearly 400 million people are infected annually.
Understanding its potential to cause severe illness makes prevention crucial. Since if it’s not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can lead to more severe forms of illness.
Let’s dive deeper into the world of dengue, demystifying its signs and learning how to keep it at bay.
Understanding Dengue
Dengue is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female mosquitoes, primarily the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
This particular mosquito has adapted well to urban environments, making city dwellers especially vulnerable. These mosquitoes are most active during early morning and late afternoon, but it’s worth noting that they can bite at any time of the day.
Once bitten, the incubation period ranges from 4-10 days before symptoms appear, and during this time, it’s possible to transmit the virus to others if another mosquito bites the infected person.
Spotting the Symptoms
- High Fever: The most common symptom, a sudden high fever can last up to 7 days. This fever can sometimes show a pattern of remission and resurgence.
- Severe Headaches: Often described as a pain behind the eyes, this can be debilitating and is unlike regular tension headaches.
- Joint and Muscle Pain: This has led to the term “breakbone fever” due to the intense discomfort. The pain can be so severe that it can hinder daily activities.
- Fatigue and Exhaustion: A general feeling of tiredness can persist even after the fever subsides. This fatigue can last for weeks, making it difficult for patients to return to their regular routines.
- Nausea and Vomiting: Digestive disturbances are common, and it’s essential to stay hydrated during this period.
- Skin Rash: A rash might appear a few days after the fever starts and can spread to most parts of the body. This rash can be itchy and may peel off as it heals.
- Mild Bleeding: Symptoms like nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or easy bruising can occur. In some cases, there might also be blood in the vomit or stool. This can be severe, and common reason for hospitalization.
It’s essential to note that symptoms can vary in intensity, and some individuals might exhibit only a few of these signs.
Early detection and proper medical care are crucial. Severe dengue, though less common, can be life-threatening and is characterized by plasma leaking, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, and organ impairment.
It’s vital to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or if there’s difficulty in breathing.
Prevention: Your Best Defense
- Mosquito Repellents: Use repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus. They are effective in keeping mosquitoes away, and it’s advisable to reapply them every few hours for continued protection.
- Wear Protective Clothing: Long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and shoes can reduce the risk of mosquito bites. Light-colored clothing is also less attractive to mosquitoes.
- Secure Your Living Space: Use mosquito nets, screens on windows, and doors. Air-conditioned rooms also reduce the risk of mosquito entry, as mosquitoes prefer warmer environments.
- Avoid Peak Mosquito Hours: As Aedes mosquitoes are most active during early morning and late afternoon, try to stay indoors during these times. If you must be outside, ensure you’re adequately protected.
- Eliminate Stagnant Water: Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. Regularly check and empty pots, buckets, and other containers in and around your home. A small amount of water is enough for these mosquitoes to breed.
- Community Efforts: Engage in community-wide efforts to reduce mosquito populations. This includes proper waste disposal and regular cleaning of public spaces. Collective action can significantly reduce the risk of outbreaks.
- Stay Informed: If there’s an outbreak in your area, be extra cautious. Local health departments often provide updates and guidelines. Awareness campaigns and community workshops can also be beneficial.
Dengue might be a formidable foe, but with knowledge, awareness, and proactive measures, we can protect ourselves and our communities.
By recognizing its symptoms early, seeking timely medical attention, and adopting preventive strategies, we can reduce its impact and ensure a healthier tomorrow.
If you or your loved ones have any of the above symptoms, please reach out to your nearest health facility.
Together, we can combat dengue and create safer environments for all.
